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What Is a Vault Toilet and How Does It Work?
Feb 20, 2025
A vault toilet is a non-flush waterless toilet system installed in remote locations that don’t have access to a municipal sewer system. A vault toilet is a type of pit toilet where human waste deposits underground.
You may have run into vaulted toilets at forest service campgrounds. Most park services use privacy vault toilets. These are single units and are for only one person to use at a time.
Most vault toilets have a filled hand sanitizer dispenser in the unit. Some have sinks with running water.
How Does a Vault Toilet Work?
Waste is deposited into a reinforced, sealed underground tank, typically made of concrete or cross-linked polyethylene plastic.
A toilet riser and seat are installed above the vault, allowing direct waste collection.
A venting system helps control odors by directing gases outside through a properly placed 12-inch vent pipe, which extends at least 3 feet above the roof.
Vault toilets require regular pumping, to remove waste and maintain sanitation.
What are Vault Toilets Made From?
Plastic Vaults (Cross-Linked Polyethylene): Lightweight, durable, resistant to temperature swings, and ideal for portable setups.
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